MODULE VI – Mitochondrial Restoration and Infections
OBJECTIVES
Review the characteristics of detoxification and biotransformation
Discuss cellular detoxification of xenobiotics, phytochemicals and endogenous compounds with regard to hydrophilic andlipohilic compounds and routes of excretion
Review the 2 step process of biotransformation of lipophilic compounds
Learn Phase 1 reactions including Cytochrome P450 enzymes involving oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis
Review the role specific enzyme substrates MTHFR, BHMT, SAHH, CBS, GSH and GSSG play in transsulfuration pathway
Define impaired methylation with regard to undermethylation, remethylation defects and overmethylation
Discuss the balance of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defense systems in the context of Phase 1
Review Phase 2 reactions including Glucuronosyl Transferase,Sulfo-transferases, Amino acid Conjugation, Glutathione Conjugation, and Acetylation
Define First and Second Pass metabolism, primary and secondary locations
Define Phase 3 Metabolism including xenobiotic transporters and antiporter export pump
Review the role nutrigenomics plays in medical toxicology
Review metabolic processes to target for nephroprotection during detoxification
Discuss the role VEGF and CRF play in chronic kidney disease
Review the impact of glutamine, nitric oxide, melatonin, and glutathione on kidney function
Discuss beneficial heavy metals including trace elements, diagnostic medical applications and industrial applications
Distinguish between macrominerals, required trace minerals, possible required trace minerals and toxic metals
Review the EPA’s assessment of sources of heavy metal exposure
List the top four most commonly occurring heavy metals
Define the most commonly involved organ systems affected by heavy metals
Distinguish symptomatology between acute and chronic exposures to heavy metals
Discuss the multiple effects of toxic metals on enzyme binding sites, displacement of nutrients, induction of deficiencies
Review main sources of heavy metals including crops, food production, cooking, water supply, air, occupational, medications and topical applications
Review symptoms associated with heavy metal burden
Define Persistent Organic Pollutant and the three major categories
Review biological effects of organochlorine persticides, induction of CYP enzymes and induction of Phase 1 enzymes
Review the role the microbiome plays in detoxification and human health
Discuss the impact of environmental pollutants on chronic medical conditions with regard to the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, immune system, renal, endocrine and cardiovascular